![]() ![]() Greenwald ( 1999), Lovett ( 1999), and Tinker and Wilson ( 1999) were among the first to introduce and demonstrate valuable aspects of EMDR for treatment of children. There has been more research conducted on the effectiveness of EMDR treatment for trauma symptoms with adult samples than with children and adolescents (Davidson and Parker 2001), and researchers have proposed developmentally-appropriate adjustments to the protocol for use in child clients. Although eye movements are an established part of its procedure, some researchers have argued that they are not necessary and that EMDR is best understood as an exposure technique (Davidson and Parker 2001 Foa and Meadows 1997 Foley and Spates 1995 Lohr et al. The session ends with reengaging in the “safe place” exercise (Ahmad and Sundelin-Wahlsten 2008).Īccording to the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies’ current treatment guidelines, EMDR is designated as an effective treatment for PTSD (Foa et al. As clients are asked to rate subjective units of distress (SUD) and validity of the positive cognition (VOC), they are also encouraged to share negative thoughts associated with the traumatic event and use a positive cognition to replace the negative thoughts. A main feature of EMDR is having clients move their eyes rapidly while focusing on the traumatic memory until the level of distress decreases (Shapiro 2007). The protocol contains both exposure and cognitive components for example, clients are guided through a relaxation exercise to assist them in visualizing a “safe place” (Ahmad and Sundelin-Wahlsten 2008) and asked to visualize aspects of the trauma and replace negative thoughts with positive ones (Adler-Nevo and Manassis 2005). The initial stage of the EMDR protocol consists of taking a history of the individual’s traumatic past, understanding the current trauma symptoms, and helping the individual cope with past trauma (Shapiro 2001). The current meta-analysis is the first to directly compare studies on the effectiveness of the two leading evidence-based treatments for childhood PTSS.Įye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)ĮMDR is a manualized treatment developed by Francine Shapiro to treat trauma in as little as one 90-minute session (Shapiro 1989a Shapiro 1989b). ![]() Current literature demonstrates the effectiveness of these treatments for children and adolescents (Chemtob et al. The current study focuses on the comparative effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) treatments. The past two decades have seen the development of several evidence-based psychological treatments for PTSS. ![]() These findings highlight the importance of providing adequate and early treatment of PTSS (Lenz and Hollenbaugh 2015). Research shows this lack of access to treatment leads to increased risk of developing a range of mental disorders, including personality disorders such as Borderline Personality Disorder (Howe 2005). Despite the impact trauma can have on short- and long-term functioning, estimates indicate that only a small percentage (i.e., 16 or 17%) of adolescents with mental health symptoms receive needed treatment (Helland and Mathiesen 2009 Rolfsnes and Idsoe 2011). The experience of trauma during childhood not only impacts one’s immediate functioning, but can affect long-term functioning as well. Childhood is a critical time for social, emotional, and psychological development, all of which can be impaired by trauma (Kessler et al. ![]()
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